TESTING LISTENING

LIMITED RESPONSE

(Picture Cues)

“Listen to the descriptions and circle the correct pictures.”

(Students Hear)
Mimi is a lovely cat who likes spending most of her time outside. She is also a naughty cat who always finds useless things to play. Today, she is playing with an empty box that she found from the outside.

1) Now, she is in this box.
2) She is standing behind the box.
3) She is smiling in front of the box.
4) Oh, she is on the box.
5) Finally, she is under the box.

COGNITIVE & SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM and BEHAVIORISM & INNATISM

Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, two of the most recognized constructive psychologists, have developed theories on children's cognitive learning styles and abilities. While these two theorists have different ideas about cognitive development in children, there are also several similarities between them. Piaget proposed various educational strategies such as discovery learning with an emphasis on activity and play. However, Vygotsky insisted on the importance of social interactions and a co-constructed knowledge.

According to Piaget, cognitive development occurs in four stages; namely, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations and formal operations. Vygotsky partly agrees with him, but he mostly focused on the role of culture and social interactions. As for Piaget, children are active learners who construct knowledge from their environments. The interaction with physical and social environments is a key for cognitive development. As suggested by Piaget, I think children actively organize new information with existing information they got from the environment.